Bake oven



Oct. 24, 1939.

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' INVENTOR Wav.' Gut-)M BY WM w Patented Cct. 24, 1939 PTENT OFFICE BAKE. OVEN Henry W. ODlowd, Jersey City, N. J., assignor to Standard Gas Equipment Corporation, a cerporation of Maryland Application March 5, 1937, Serial No. 129,195

2 Claims.

This invention relates to stoves and similar apparatus adapted to the application of heat for cooking or baking purposes. More particularly, it relates to culinary appliances that are specially designed for operation with gaseous fuel.

The invention aims to provide a bake oven which is thoroughly effective and operable with ordinary sources of heat, but well suited at the same time for the economical consumption of gas as its fuel, whether in the native state or artificially produced. One of the chief characteristics of the present invention is the unique method of circulation to which it subjects the caloric current and by which the distribution of heat is rendered uniform throughout the cooking compartment of the oven unit. This is attained principally by conducting the hot gases from a source of heat beneath the compartment through a plurality of conduits of heating flues leading from the source of heat and extending along the bottom and sides of the compartment. More specifically, the heating flues extend in opposite directions from a centrally located Bunsen burner beneath the compartment along the bottom and up the sides thereof, the hot gases then discharging from the flues into the compartment near the top and subsequently escaping through a centrally located venting fiue extending from the front to the back Wall of the compartment and discharging through an opening in the back wall into a fiue box. An alternative embodiment of the invention provides for the extension of the heating flues across the top of the compartment to the venting flue, into which the hot gases pass directly from the heating flues.

Another important feature is the conservation ol fuel by the insulation of the cooking compartment from the atmosphere to prevent loss of heat by radiation, and the lining of the bottom and sides of the interior of the compartment with fire bricks or other suitable heat radiating material to hold and help distribute the heat uniformly.

A further feature of special moment arising from the arrangement of a plurality of oven units one upon the other, each comprising an independent unit having its individual source of heat, is the provision of a common flue box arranged at the back and into which the spent gases from each are exhausted, the yfiue box being formed to prevent a back draft therein which would interfere with the free discharge of the gases from the several oven units.

Still another vfeature is the arrangement of baie means in the fiue box to prevent a direct communication between the oven vents and the flue box, yet permitting the spent gases to be vented freely from the several oven units.

While the invention has been shown in the vl! accompanying drawings and described herein as applied particularly to oven units for baking bread for commercial production, obviously it may be adapted for roasting and other cooking as well, or incorporated in a stove adapted for all purposes and wherein the oven constitutes only a part of the stove. Moreover, a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown and described herein only by way of example and obviously many variations and modifications may be made therein which will still be comprised within its spirit. It is to be understood, therefore, that the invention is not limited to any particular form or embodiment except insofar as such limitations are specied in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation, partly broken away, showing a stove comprising two improved oven units arranged in superposed relation;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrows, some of the parts being broken away to show the construction;

Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken along the line 30 3 3 of Fig. 5, looking in the direction of the arrows, some of the parts being broken away;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary perspective View of a portion of the interior of the oven, some of the parts being broken away;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view, partly broken away, taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary view, showing the relationship of the burner to the heating fiues; and

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary vertical section through the top of one of the oven units, showing a modification of the invention.

In the preferred embodiment as shown in Figs. l to 7 of the drawings, the stove is of the cabinet type comprising a bottom unit 3 for storing pans or other utensils and two oven units I supported thereon one upon the other, with the outer casings 2 of all three units coinciding to give the general appearance of a unitary casing. The oven units I are identical in structure and operation s0 that a detailed description of one will suffice.

As best shown in Fig. 3, the outer casing 2 is heavily insulated on all sides with suitable insu- 55 lating material indicated by the numeral 4, the front being closed by a heavy insulated door 5 (see Fig. 5) mounted on trunnions 6 near its base and adapted to open and close with a vertical swinging movement. An inner cooking compartment or oven proper 'I is defined by inner walls 3 and 9 of the casing 2, a removable bottom plate l and removable side plates II and I2, the bottom and side plates being spaced from the respective adjacent walls of the casing 2. The bottom plate iii comprises two removable sections IIBa and Ib which meet along a median fore and aft line with an overlapping lip IIlc carried by one of them covering the seam at their meeting edges (see also Fig. 4) and the side plates Ill and I2 are likewise removable and formed on their lower edges with flanges lla and I2a which constitute pedestals resting upon the bottom plate Y I il. The bottom and sides of the compartment are lined with re bricks I3, which further support and hold the side plates II and I2 in place,

the side fire bricks resting on the flanges Ha and 23 and being engaged and supported at their lower edges by the ends of the bricks laid on the bottom plate IIJ and held from tipping by overlying flanges I4 arranged along the top edges of the plates II and i2. TheY space between the bottom and side plates of the ovenand casing, respectively, is divided by partitioning ribs in the form of angle irons i5 arranged therein, as best shown in Fig. 4, so as to form a plurality of continuous passages or ues It extending along the underside of the bottom plate I9 and up along the outer sides of the plates I I and l2. The angle irons I5 extend entirely across the space between the plates Ill, Il and I2 and casing 2 so that the flues are non-communicating; and, for strengthening and reinforcing purposes, the particular angle irons Ia have their flanges 15b secured to the inner wall of the casing 2 while intermediate angle irons I5c have their flanges ld secured to the plates Ill, II and I2.

The top edges of the side walls li and i2 and associated angle irons i5 terminate short of the top wall 9 of the compartment 'l and provide for thedischarge of the hot gases from the flues l5 into the compartment at this point (see Fig. 3). However, the hot gases tend to remain in the upper region of the compartment and are guided toward a central fore and aft extending venting ue l? through open conduits formed by flanges I8 depending from the top wall 9 (Fig. 5). The lower side of the venting flue il is formed along each edge with a series of openings l'Iad through which the gases escape into the ilue and are subsequently discharged through a vent i9 in the back wall 3 of the compartment, a partition 2Q dividing the venting nue il into two separate chambers to prevent a cross draft therein.

The vent I9 is covered exteriorly by two baflle plates 2i and 22 (Fig. 5) spaced from the vent and from one another, the former being secured to the wali 8 below the vent i9 and overlying it, and the latter being secured to the back wall 3 above the ventv and overlapping the bailleV 2l. The arrangement is thus for each oven unit with the vents I9 of all in vertical alinem-ent; and a flue box 23 common to all the Vents and 'having a discharge vent 24 at the top is secured to the backs of the units to receive and carry off the gases issuing therefrom.

The ue box 23, in conjunction with the baffles ZI and 22, is particularly designed to eliminate the stoppage of a free venting of the gases fromV the vents i9 in the event of a back draft into the from the vents I9 will be vented through the Y secondary discharge opening 25.

Beneath the bottom compartment wall Iii, the outer casing 2 and angle irons I5 on each side terminate equal distances short of the fore and aft median line of the compartment to provide a central combustion chamber 26 extending from the front to the back edges of the compartment, and in this chamber there is arranged a Bunsen burner 2 for supplying the heat, (see Figs. 2, 3 and 6). The burner 2l is of the Vso-called continuous type, having side pieces 21a and end and intermediate crosspieces 2TD all communicating with one another, and it is removably supported slightly below the mouths of the flues It by lugs 28 projecting laterally from the burner and adapted to rest upon xed brackets 29 which support the ends of the outer casing 2 dening the chamber 26. The burner 2l is supplied with fuel from a main feed pipe 30 leading to a manifold 3| where its ow to the burner is controlled both manually by a stop-cock 32 and automatically by a thermostatic control 33, th-e thermal couple 34 for controlling the ilo-w of fuel automatically being located beneath the venting flue I'l at the top of the compartment (see Fig. 3) and its operating range being determined as usual by the manual setting of the control 33. A supply pipe 35 leads from the manifold 3i to a mixing chamber 36 located below the burner 2l and extending from approximately the front end to the center of the latter where it has a gasket connection 3l therewith, the mixing chamber having a flaredV forward end equipped with a manually operable shutter (not shown) to control the amount of air admitted into the chamber to support primary combustion.

It may be noted at this time that theentire f burner and manifold assembly is readily accessible from the front through an opening enclosed by a removable panel 39 (Fig. 5), and the flared end 3S of the mixing chamber 36 is made flat and rectangular in shape to facilitate the assembly Y and removal of the burner and mixing chamber as a unit. l

Below the burner level, the casing 2 is formed with a series of openings 49 for the admission of air to support both primary and secondary combustion. In order to bring the air for supporting secondary combustionl into the region of the flame ports 4I of the burner (Fig. 6), a baffle 42 is arranged around the edge of the opening 26 to extend toward and direct the air around the burner instead of allowing it to escape past the outer edges thereof and directly into the flues I6. Other baffles 43 are secured to the bottom oven wall IE) to overlie the opposite sidepieces 21av of the burner and direct the hot gases Vissuing the" adjacent the burner 21.

shown). The thermostatic control 33 is manually adjusted to the desired setting so that the iiow of gas to the burner will thereafter be automatically controlled. Air admitted through the openings 46 supports both primary and secondary combustion, some of it being drawn through the shutter' openings in the flared end 38 of the mixing chamber 36 to mix with the gas for the primary combustion, and the remainder being caused by the ange 42 to circulate around the burner 2'I into the region of the flame ports 4I for the secondary combustion. The hot gases from the flames issuing from the flame ports 4I in the end and crosspieoes 2lb of the burner between the edges of the baffles 43 rise to heat the central portion of the compartment bottom plate I0, while those from the iiames along the sidepieces 2'Ia of the burner are directed by the bailies 43 into the mouths of the ues I6, through which they circulate in opposite directions along the compartment bottom and up the sides, being discharged from the ends of the ues at the top of the compartment. The gases then circulate beneath the top wall 9 of the compartment, being prevented from concentrating in any particular region by the conduit forming ianges I8 depending from the top wall, and subsequently escape through the openings I'Ia into the fore and aft venting ue Il, from which they then pass through the vent I9 into the flue box 23, being finally discharged through the top opening 24.

According to the modication shown in Fig. 7, which deals with oven units particularly adapted for cooking when it is desirable that the hot gases shall not be discharged directly into the cooking compartment, the ues I6 are extended from the sides across the top wall 9 of the compartment to the venting flue I'I, the latter being formed in its side walls with openings IIb to receive the hot gases directly from the flues. Otherwise, the construction and arrangement of the parts are the same as already described.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 5, a lever arm 44 is fastened to each side of the door and extends rearwardly and downwardly therefrom, its free end being provided with a hook 45. A sprocket chain or other flexible cable means 46 has one end fastened to the hook 45 and its opposite end attached to one end of a tension spring 41 connected at its other end to an adjustable anchor bolt 48 passing through the xed bracket 29 which supports the end of the insulated casing 2 The flexible chain 46 passes over a'pulley 49 mounted at the base of the oven just below and to one side of the free vend of the arm 44 when the latter is in the position. However, because the end of the arm 4I) describes an arc when the door is swung from one position to the other, as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 5, the chain 46 also has a sidewise movement which, unless otherwise provided for, would cause both it and the pulley 49 to Wear rapidly.

The pulley 49 is mounted for both rotary and sidewise movement on a long spindle I), whose opposite ends are supported by brackets 5I and 52. With this arrangement, wear of the chain 46 and pulley 49, due to the arcuate movement of the free end of the arm 44 during the opening and closing of the door 5, is minimized by virtue of the pulley 49 traveling sidewise on the spindle 50 and remaining at all times substantially in alinement with the end of the arm 44.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is:

1. An oven unit including a cooking compartment enclosed by a casing and spaced from the casing at the bottom and sides, a fore and aft extending centrally located combustion chamber below the compartment, a Bunsen burner arranged in said chamber, partitions arranged in the said space between the casing and the compartment to dene a plurality of separate conduits communicating with and extending in opposite directions from the combustion chamber along the bottom and up the sides of the compartment, and a fore and aft extending venting flue arranged at the center of the top of the compartment and formed with openings communicating with the conduits, said venting ilue discharging through an opening in the rear wall of the casing.

2. An oven unit including a cooking compartment enclosed by a casing and spaced from the casing at the bottom and sides, a fore and aft extending centrally located combustion chamber below the compartment, a Bunsen burner arranged in said chamber, partitions arranged in the said space between the casing and the compartment n to define a plurality of separate conduits communicating with and extending in opposite directions from the combustion chamber along the bottom and up the sides of the compartment, a fore and aft extending venting ue arranged at the center of the top of the compartment and formed with openings communicating with the conduits, a ue box with which said venting flue communicates formed with discharge openings in the top and bottom thereof, and baille means associated with the discharge opening of the venting flue, said discharge openings in the flue box and said bale means permitting a direct draft through the flue box and preventing said draft from interfering with the free discharge of gases from the venting ue.

HENRY W. ODOWD. 

